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An proxy is also known as proxy server software that functions as a mediator between a client and server over the internet. Without proxy servers, users will send a request for something directly through a server, and the server will deliver the resource directly back to the user. Though this approach is simple to comprehend and implement the addition of proxy servers can offer advantages in terms enhanced performance security, privacy, and much more. Alongside adding a layer of security, proxies act as a security safeguard for the internet between clients and servers.




The consensus is that the collection of servers and the hardware that is used along with proxy software is also frequently referred to proxy servers. This article will focus on proxies typically classified as software, and in the web server context. We will present a summary of the two main types, namely which are a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each has its own specific usage, which can be confusing because of a similar naming convention.




This article will provide you with an understanding of what proxies are and what their subtypes are, as well as how they function in normal configurations. Through the article you'll discover how to recognize the circumstances that are the best to use a proxy, and decide on the appropriate choice between reverse proxy and forward proxy for any scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



In another way, a forward proxy sometimes called open proxy. In other words, an open proxy acts as a representative of a client who wants to send an internet request to an the server that originated it. In this situation, any request from the client will instead be directed directly to the forward proxy. This forward proxy in place of the client will examine the request. It will first determine if this client has the right to accept requests from this specific forward proxy. Then, it decides if it wants to reject an request and forward it to the original server. The client is unable to have direct access to the internet. It can only access what the forward proxy permits it access to.




The most popular reason to use forward proxies is to increase privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy can be used to access the internet the place of a client and in this manner it could utilize a different IP address than the original IP address that the client uses.




Depending on how they've been set up in the past, forward proxy servers can provide a range of options. They allow you to:




Avoid ad tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine limitations based on your geographic place of residence.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems that provide central security and permission-based access, like in a workplace. If all internet traffic flows through an open forward proxy layer administrators can restrict access to only certain clients to the internet and filter it through a standard firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in place for the client layer which may comprise a range of machines that have different user and operating environments, the firewall can be placed within the forward proxy layer.




Be aware that forward proxy settings have to be manually configured for use to function and reverse proxy settings can be ignored by clients. Depending on the type of IP address of a client is transmitted to the source server via the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity may be granted or denied.




There are several options to take into consideration when it comes to forward proxy options:




Apache is a well-known open-source web server with forward proxy functions.


Nginx: Another renowned open-source webserver, this one with forward proxy features.


Squid is a free forward proxy that makes use of an HTTP protocol. Squid isn't a complete web server solution. Check out our step-by-step guide to create Squid proxy to allow private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy which runs the SOCKS protocol, instead of HTTP which makes it better suited to situations such as peer-topeer traffic. You can also look into the steps to install an Dante proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as a representative of web servers, which handles incoming requests from clients on its behalf. The web server may include a server or multiple servers. Additionally, it can serve as an application server like Gunicorn. In any of these situations, an application request comes by a user on the internet as a whole. In most cases the request will be sent directly to the web server with the data the user is asking for. Instead, a reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, protecting Web server from any direct contact with the web's public.




From a consumer's point view that is from a user's perspective, working using a reverse proxy is no any different from using an internet server direct. It's exactly the same however the client is unable to discern the distinction. The client requests the resource, and is then provided with it, with no additional configuration needed on the part of the client.




Reverse proxies offer features like:




Centrally secured to protect Web Server Layer.


Controlling traffic that is inbound, based on rules you can create.


The caching functionality has been added to the app.




While central security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxies provide this feature only to the server layer and not the client layer. Instead of having firewalls running at Web server layers, which can contain a variety of servers and various configurations, most of the firewall security is concentrated on the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, the elimination of the responsibility of interfacing with a firewall as well as dealing with requests from clients without the need for web servers enables them to concentrate on providing the requirements of their customers.




In the event that there's multiple servers hosted using a reverse-proxy, the reverse proxy will also be responsible to direct which requests are routed at the server. There may be several web servers that provide identical content offering different kinds of content or a mix of both. They can use the HTTP protocol in the same way as a standard web server however, they may also use different protocols for application servers such as FastCGI. You can also set up reverse proxy servers to direct clients to specific servers in accordance with the requested resource or adhere to specific rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies may also make use of their location before web servers by delivering the ability to cache. The large static files can be configured by using caching rules in order to avoid hitting web servers with every request. There are even solutions that allow you to serve static assets directly without connecting to a web server even once. Additionally reverse proxy is able to handle compression of these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server can also function as a very popular reverse proxy solution. Even though Apache has a reverse proxy solution however, it is not a reverse proxy solution. Apache web server also comes with reverse proxy function as an additional feature of Apache while Nginx was initially designed for and focuses on its reverse proxy feature.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use Examples



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" have connotations of directionality, and false comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, the labels can be confusing since both types of proxy handle responses and requests. A better approach to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy is to look at the specifications of the application you're building.




Reverse proxy is useful when designing a web-based services over the internet. They serve as your web servers when you interact on the web.




Forward proxy can be useful when placed in front of customers to use for personal reasons or in the corporate setting. They represent your customers when you interact with the internet.




The use of case-based differentiation instead of focusing solely on commonly used naming conventions can help in eliminating confusion.



Conclusion



The article clarified the meaning of a proxy, which includes two types of proxy: the forward one and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and a review of beneficial features were utilized to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy. If you're interested to learn more about how to implement proxy services, check out our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy with Apache in the Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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