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The term "proxy" refers to a proxy or proxy server is software that acts as an intermediary between a client and server on the internet. Without the proxy, a client would send a request for any resource straight to the server, and it would serve the resource directly back for the client. It is easy to understand and implement, adding proxies provides advantages through improved performance, privacy, security and more. As a layer of pass-through, proxies act as a gatekeeper on the internet between servers and clients.




It is generally accepted that the set of server hardware along with proxy software installed is often described as proxy servers. But, this article will focus on proxy servers which are generally described as software, as well as ones that work to complement web servers. The article will offer an explanation of the two major kinds that are available, which include the forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own usage, which can be confusing due to the use of overlapping terms.




This article will provide an idea of the proxy types and their subtypes, as well as their significance in normal settings. After reading this article, you'll be able recognize situations where an effective proxy can be useful, and choose the most suitable choice between reverse proxy and forward proxy, in any scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



In other words forward proxy also referred to as or an open proxy is an agent of a user who is trying to make the request online a source server. In this case, any attempt to send requests made by the user will be directed by an forward proxy. In this situation the forward proxy acting on behalf of the client, will look into the request. At first, it will decide whether clients are authorized make requests through this specific forward proxy. Then, it will either refuse requests or redirect them to their origin server. The client does not have direct connection to the internet; it is only able to access what the forward proxy allows the client to access.




The primary reason for people to use forward proxies is to provide more privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy connects to the internet on behalf of an individual client, and during this manner it can utilize an IP address different from the original IP address used by the user.




Based on the way it's configured depending on the way it's set up, forward proxy could perform a variety of features and the capability to:




Beware of ads-trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine restrictions based upon your location.




Forward proxies are also employed in systems to offer central security and access granted on a permission basis, like in the workplace. When all internet traffic goes through an open forward proxy layer, admins are able to permit only a few clients access to the internet, which is then filtered by a common firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in this layer that could be used by multiple computers that have different configurations, users and environments, a firewall can be added to this forward proxy layer.




Be aware Forward proxy servers need to be manually configured before they can be utilized while reverse proxies could be disregarded by clients. Depending on whether an IP address from the user has been transferred to the server that is being used by the forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or kept in the dark.




There are many choices to consider when it comes to forward proxy options.




Apache The Apache is a popular open-source web server, that provides forward proxy features.


Nginx: Another renowned open-source web server with forward proxy capability.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy utilizing the HTTP protocol. This doesn't offer the complete web-based server. We recommend you read our guide on the most efficient method of installing Squid proxy for private connections for Ubuntu 20.04. Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy, which uses on the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it more suited for scenarios such as peer-to-peer communication. You can also research how to configure Dante proxy for connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts in the capacity of an agent on a web server and manages requests received from clients on behalf of the server. The web server could function as a single server, or as a series of servers. It can also comprise an application server, like Gunicorn. In either case, the request might be made by a user of the internet. In most cases, the request will be directly sent to the server on the internet which holds the information that the client wants. In contrast, a reverse proxy acts as an intermediary that isolates the server from direct communication with the open internet.




From the viewpoint of the client, interacting with reverse proxy isn't different than interacting via direct connection to an internet server. It's exactly the same, but the client doesn't see the difference. The client requests an item and receives it without additional configuration needed from the user.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




Security centralized on webservers.


The routing of traffic inbound is by rules you set up.


Additional functions to cache data.




Although central security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy, reverse proxies add this feature to that layer on the webserver and not to the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls at the server layer which could comprise several servers that have various configurations, the bulk of firewall security could be focused at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the burden of dealing with firewalls and coordinating requests from clients away from web servers allows firewalls to focus on providing the required resources.




In the event of multiple servers that are running behind a reverse proxy the reverse proxy could be also in charge of directing which requests are directed to which servers. There could be multiple web servers running from the same host, serving different types of resources or a mixture of both. These servers use the HTTP protocol to serve as an ordinary web server. However, they could also be equipped with applications server protocols like FastCGI. It is possible to set up a reverse proxy to route clients to specific servers based on the resource being requested, or to adhere to certain guidelines regarding the amount of traffic.




Reverse proxies can also be able to benefit from their position ahead of web servers by using caching capabilities. Large static assets can be configured with caching policy to prevent hitting web servers with each request, with some options that let you serve static content without needing to connect to the web server in any way. Furthermore reverse proxy is capable of compressing these assets.




The popular Nginx web server is also used as a reliable reverse proxy service. Even though Apache is a reverse proxy solution however, this Apache web server also comes with reverse proxy functions, which is an additional option for Apache and Nginx was originally designed to and specifically focuses on reverse proxy capabilities.



Differentiating Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Cases



Because "forward" and "reverse" are associated with a sense of directionality, and false comparisons with "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic the labels can be confusing since both types of proxy can handle both requests and responses. In addition, the most effective method to distinguish between the reverse as well as forward proxy services is to think about the requirements of the application you're creating.




Reverse proxy is helpful when you are developing an application that can serve web-based applications via the internet. They act as your web server in all interactions on the Internet.




A forward proxy is useful when presented to customers for your personal use or even in a corporate setting. They are your client's representative in all interactions via the internet.




The use case-based differentiation instead of focusing on the similar naming conventions can assist you in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



This article describes what a "proxy" is, with two types that are the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical scenarios to use them and a look at advantageous features were used to distinguish the two types of proxy both reverse and forward. If you're interested in learning how to set up proxies, look up our guide on how to configure Nginx as reverse and web server proxy for Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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