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A proxy also referred to the software that acts as an intermediary between a client and server via the internet. Without the use of proxy servers, users could send a request to resources directly to a server, and servers would serve direct to users. While this is a simple process to grasp and use proxy servers can provide benefits like improved performance and privacy, security and many more. As an additional pass-through layer they are a way to secure the internet between clients and servers.




In general, the integrated combination of server hardware and installed proxy software is commonly referred as proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxy servers that are usually regarded as software as in the context of web servers. This article will give details of the two main types of proxy servers, which include a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each has its own usage scenario, which is often misunderstood due to the similar namesake convention.




This article will give you an idea of what proxy services and their subtypes are, as well as the ways they can be useful for common setups. If you read in this post, you'll to recognize situations where it is beneficial to use proxy services and make the appropriate choice between forward and reverse proxy in any circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy sometimes known by the name of the open proxy is the client's representative trying to send an internet request to an the server that made it. In this scenario any attempts to send requests by the user are instead routed straight to the forward proxy. In this situation the forward proxy, in the client's stead, will review the request. It first will determine if this client is able to make requests using this specific forward proxy. It will then either refuse requests or redirect it to the server it originated from. The client isn't able to have directly access to internet. It can access only what the forward proxy permits for it to link to.




The most common reason to use forward proxies is to increase privacy or anonymity on the internet. A forward proxy uses the internet in lieu of a client on its own, and, in doing so it could utilize an alternate IP address that is different from the original IP address of the client.




Depending on the method by which it's set up the forward proxy will provide a variety of functions and permit you to:




Avoid tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on the place of residence.




Forward proxies can also be employed in systems that offer central security and access based on permissions, for instance in workplaces. If all internet traffic flows through a common forward proxy layer the administrator can allow only a small number of clients online access through an common firewall. Instead of maintaining firewalls at the client layer that could include a variety of machines with different settings and users, there is a way to put the firewall configured on the front proxy layer.




Be aware that forward proxy servers require manual setup in order to permit their use, whereas reverse proxies can be omitted by clients. Depending on whether the IP address of a client is passed to the original server via the forward proxy privacy and security may be granted or kept in the dark.




There are many options to consider for forward proxies:




Apache is an well-known open-source web server that provides forward proxy functions.


Nginx: Another widely used open-source webserver that includes forward proxy capabilities.


Squid is an free forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. It does not come with an the complete web server application. Learn more from our guide on how to install Squid proxy to permit private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is a forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol in place of HTTP so that it is more suited for cases such as peer-to-peer connections. You may also want to learn how to create an Dante proxy to permit private connections to Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy is a representative of a web server that handles any requests that come in from clients on behalf. This web server may include an individual server or a number of servers. Additionally, it can serve as an app server, such as Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios the request will be made by a user through the internet in general. Most of the time the request is made directly to the server that hosts the information the client wants. A reverse proxy acts as an intermediary to isolate Web server from direct interaction with the web's public.




From a consumer's point of viewpoint from the perspective of a client using a reverse proxy is no the same as working with a the Web server directly. It's basically the same, but the client can't distinguish between the two. Client requests the resource, and it gets it without any additional configuration needed by the client.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




A central layer of security to protect the server.


Controlling traffic coming inbound on rules you can define.


New caching functionality has been added.




Although central security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxies offer this feature only to the layer of the webserver and not the client layer. Instead of coordinating firewalls at the server level which may include multiple servers that have various configurations, the majority of security for firewalls is centered on the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, the elimination of the responsibility of interacting with firewalls as well as interfacing with client requests via web servers enables the firewall to focus on providing the resources.




In the event of multiple servers that are in a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy is responsible for directing which requests go at the server. There may be several web servers that provide identical content, supplying different types of services or a mixture of both. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol exactly the same way as an ordinary web server. However, they could also be able to use protocol for application servers like FastCGI. There is the possibility to set up reverse proxy software to redirect visitors to specific server depending on the service requested or to comply with certain rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies also benefit from their positioning prior to web servers through the capability of storing data. Large static assets can be created with caching rules in order to avoid having to call web servers for every request. Some solutions even allowing you to directly serve static assets without having to connect to the web server even once. Furthermore reverse proxy can deal with the compression of these assets.




The renowned Nginx web server also functions as a reliable reverse proxy service. Although Apache is also a reverse proxy solution however, the Apache web server is also outfitted with a reverse proxy option as an added option for Apache as opposed to Nginx was initially developed for and is focused on reverse proxy features.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Situations



Due to the fact that "forward" or "reverse" have connotations of directionality and misleading comparisons to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic The labels could be confusing as both kinds of proxies handle the process of responding to requests. The best method to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy is to look at the requirements of the app you're developing.




Reverse proxy is a useful tool to use when designing a solution to deliver web-based applications over the internet. They act as your web servers whenever you interact on the internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when it is displayed in front of clients for personal use and in professional environment. They are a representation of the client's online traffic in any interaction on the internet.




The practice of separating by use case instead of using the same naming conventions will assist you in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



This article clarifies the meaning of a proxy with two kinds: the forward proxy as well as the reverse. Practical application scenarios as well as an exploration of beneficial attributes were used to determine forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you'd like to explore implementation of proxies then you should learn how to set up Nginx to act as an Internet server and reverse proxy for Apache in an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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