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An proxy can also be referred to by the name of a proxy, is software that functions as an intermediary between client and server on the internet. Without the proxy, a user would be able to send a request to anything directly to the server, and servers would deliver the requested resource directly to the user. While this approach is straightforward to grasp and use however using proxy servers may provide benefits such as more speed, privacy and security, among others. In addition to providing a layer of security proxy servers act as a gatekeeper for the internet between clients and servers.




There is a general consensus that the system of server hardware coupled with installed proxy software is also often referred as proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxies traditionally defined as software, specifically in relation with web server. We will present a summary of the two main kinds of proxies which are forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each has its own usage, which can be confusing because of the identical name convention.




This article will provide you with an idea of different types of proxy and subtypes, and what they can do for the most common setups. Through this article, you'll be able to understand the situations when you can benefit from a proxy and make the right alternative between reverse proxy or forward proxy in any given scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy, also known as open proxy, sometimes referred to as open proxy acts as an agent for the user who wishes to transmit a request through the internet to a source server. In this instance, any attempt to send requests made by the client will rather be directed via an forward proxy. A forward proxy acting in instead of the user will examine the request. It first will determine if the client is allowed to accept requests via this particular forward proxy. Then, it will either deny the request or forward it to the server that originated it. The client is not allowed directly access to internet; it will only be capable of accessing the information that forward proxy grants its access.




A very popular uses for forward proxies is increased privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy accesses the internet in lieu of a client's individual account, and during that process it could use an alternative IP address, in contrast to the original IP address of the user.




Based on the way it's configured depending on how it's set up forward proxy could provide various features and allow you to:




Beware of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Establish restrictions based upon location.




Forward proxies are also used in systems to provide central security and permission based access to the internet, for instance in a workplace. If all internet traffic passes through a common forward proxy layer an administrator is able to restrict access to only certain clients to the internet. The web is filtered by an common firewall. Instead of having firewalls in place for the client layer, which could include multiple machines with different user configurations, firewalls could be placed at on an intermediary layer.




Remember that forward proxies must be set up manually for use, while reverse proxy servers could be not recognized in the eyes of the user. Based on the type of IP address of a client is sent to the server that originated it through the forward proxy, privacy and security can be made transparent.




There are many possibilities to consider in determining forward proxy:




Apache is a well-known open source web server which provides forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx is another well-known open-source webserver, which comes with forward proxy capability.


Squid: A free and open source forward proxy that makes use of an HTTP protocol. This option doesn't include the entire web server. We recommend you read our guide on how for installing Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is a forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP this allows it to be more appropriate for situations such as peer-to-peer traffic. You can also learn how to configure an Dante proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy is a web server, which takes care of requests from customers on behalf of the server. The server could function as a one server, or as a series of servers. In addition, it could include an application servers, such as Gunicorn. In all of these scenarios, a request would come through the internet at large. In the majority of cases the request will be sent directly to the server, along with the resources the client in need of. A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary, separating your web server from communication with the internet's public.




From a consumer's point of view from a client's perspective, using reverse proxy is not any different than connecting directly to an internet server. It's functionally identical, however the client can't discern the distinction. The client asks for the resource and then gets it, with no additional configuration needed by the client.




Reverse proxy providers offer features such as:




A centralized layer of security to guard the server.


The direction of traffic that is based on rules that you can set up.


A new feature for caching is now available.




While central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy solutions, reverse proxies provide this feature to the server layer, it is not available to the client layer. In lieu of the maintenance of firewalls at the server level which could include multiple servers and various configurations, the majority of firewall security could be focused at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the burden of communicating with firewalls as well as interacting with requests from clients not connected to web servers lets them concentrate solely on delivering the needs of their customers.




In the case of multiple servers hosted by a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also handles the routing of requests to which servers. Multiple web servers could be providing the exact same service, or serving different kinds of resources or a mix of both. They can utilize an HTTP protocol as a normal web server, but they could also incorporate application server protocols such as FastCGI. You can create reverse proxy that routes clients to particular servers based on the request for source, and to adhere to specific rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also benefit from their position before web servers, by providing caching capabilities. Large static files can be set using caching rules to prevent from reaching web servers with every request. There are options that provide the option of serving static content directly, without having to communicate with a webserver. Additionally, reverse proxy can help compress these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server has become a wildly popular reverse proxy option. While it is true that the Apache web server has a reverse proxy capabilities as an added feature available to Apache but Nginx was originally designed to and focuses on the reverse proxy feature.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Examples



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with an impression of directionality and inaccurate comparisons to "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic and can confuse because both types of proxies handle requests and respond. A better approach to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy servers is to analyze the needs of the application that you are building.




Reverse proxy is an important element in the creation of a system to support web-based applications via the internet. They act as your servers when you interact with the Internet.




Forward proxy can be helpful in displaying customer information to your personal use or for use in a working environment. They represent the client's information whenever you interact on the internet.




A distinction based on use case rather than focusing only on similar naming conventions will help avoid confusion.



Conclusion



This article clarified the definition of a proxy, with two kinds of proxy being the reverse and forward proxy. Practical applications and an exploration of the beneficial attributes were utilized to distinguish forward proxies from reverse proxy. If you're interested exploring the role of proxy servers, you can follow our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as a web service and reverse proxy within Apache using the Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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